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對(duì)于中小型電機(jī)，常見(jiàn)的軸伸有兩種，即圓柱型的圓錐型；仔細(xì)觀(guān)察可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，起重冶金用電機(jī)一般采用圓錐軸伸，而其他負(fù)載電機(jī)大部分為圓柱軸伸。
圓錐形軸伸截面直徑是變化的，這樣軸伸根部所承受的扭轉(zhuǎn)剪應(yīng)力要比直軸好很多，不容易因交變應(yīng)力造成金屬疲勞而斷軸，因此適用于大載荷、高慣量、頻繁正反轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)械設(shè)備，起重冶金電機(jī)選擇錐軸伸也就不言而喻了。
我們YZ、YZR和YZP系列等用于起重冶金設(shè)備的電機(jī)，大多數(shù)是采用錐軸伸，與普通的圓柱軸伸相比，錐軸伸的加工及檢測(cè)要相對(duì)復(fù)雜一些，特別是對(duì)于采用普通車(chē)床加工軸時(shí)，對(duì)操作工的技能要求較高，而采用數(shù)控車(chē)床加工時(shí)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題就迎刃而解了。
如何檢測(cè)錐形軸伸？
電動(dòng)機(jī)軸伸屬重要的安裝尺寸，如果加工不合格，會(huì)影響與主機(jī)的聯(lián)結(jié)效果，不能有效傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩，甚至使設(shè)備產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)，如何檢查電動(dòng)機(jī)軸伸尺寸很重要。
對(duì)于圓錐軸伸，測(cè)量普通軸伸的外徑千分尺顯然是不可以的，為了解決該問(wèn)題，通常采用專(zhuān)門(mén)的量規(guī)進(jìn)行測(cè)量，即我們通常所說(shuō)的圓錐環(huán)規(guī)。圓錐環(huán)規(guī)是檢驗(yàn)圓錐形軸伸直徑、錐度及長(zhǎng)度的專(zhuān)用綜合量具。
該環(huán)規(guī)的特點(diǎn)是一種規(guī)格的軸伸對(duì)應(yīng)一種專(zhuān)門(mén)的量具，無(wú)論錐度、直徑及長(zhǎng)度有任何的差別，都沒(méi)有通用性；采用錐度環(huán)規(guī)檢查，實(shí)際上是檢查兩者的配合關(guān)系，常規(guī)的做法是在軸伸上沿軸向涂以鉗工用紅丹粉，而后將環(huán)規(guī)套入，將兩者軸向配合到位后，旋轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)規(guī)一周以上，而后檢查涂料的受磨合狀態(tài)，以?xún)烧呙芎厦娣e超過(guò)70%作為判定合格的依據(jù)。
For small and medium-sized motors, the most common types of shaft extensions are cylindrical and conical; Upon careful observation, it can be observed that motors for lifting and metallurgy generally use conical shaft extensions, while most other load motors use cylindrical shaft extensions.
The diameter of the conical shaft extension section varies, so the torsional shear stress borne by the root of the shaft extension is much better than that of the straight shaft, and it is not easy to break the shaft due to metal fatigue caused by alternating stress. Therefore, it is suitable for mechanical equipment with large loads, high inertia, and frequent forward and reverse rotation. It is self-evident to choose conical shaft extension for lifting and metallurgical motors.
The motors commonly used in lifting and metallurgical equipment, such as the YZ, YZR, and YZP series, mostly use conical shaft extensions. Compared with ordinary cylindrical shaft extensions, the processing and inspection of conical shaft extensions are relatively complex, especially when using ordinary lathes to process shafts, which require higher skills from operators. However, when using CNC lathes to process shafts, this problem is easily solved.
How to detect conical shaft extension?
The motor shaft extension is an important installation dimension. If the processing is not qualified, it will affect the connection effect with the host, cannot effectively transmit torque, and even cause equipment vibration. It is important to check the motor shaft extension dimension.
For conical shaft extension, it is obviously not possible to measure the outer diameter of a regular shaft extension with a micrometer. To solve this problem, a specialized gauge, commonly known as a conical ring gauge, is usually used for measurement. Cone ring gauge is a specialized comprehensive measuring tool used to test the diameter, taper, and length of a conical shaft extension.
The characteristic of this ring gauge is that one specification of shaft extension corresponds to a specialized measuring tool, and there is no universality regardless of any differences in taper, diameter, and length; The use of a taper ring gauge for inspection is actually to check the fitting relationship between the two. The conventional practice is to apply red lead powder for fitters along the axial direction on the shaft extension, then insert the ring gauge, fit the two axially, rotate the ring gauge for more than one turn, and then check the wear in status of the coating. The judgment of qualification is based on the fact that the fitting area of the two exceeds 70%.
